Homo heidelbergensis Free Essay Example, 2750 words

Daniel Hartman was a workman who spotted the fossil jaw in a sandpit. The jaw found was in a good shape only with a premolar teeth missing but found later near the jaw. Daniel Hartman handed the fossil to professor Otto Schoetensack who was from University of Heidelberg. He identified the fossil and named it as Homo heidelbergensis. Professor Otto Schoetensack   Francis Adrian joseph Turville-petre was a British archeologist who found the first ancient fossil in western Asia where he unearthed Galilee skull in Israel. Francis Adrian Joseph Turville-Petre Lee Rogers Berger found out that many fossil bones indicated some inhabitants of heidelbergensis which was huge habitually over 1.57 m and 50kg, and that they inhabited S. Africa around 300000 to 500000 years ago. He was paleoanthrolopologist, archeologist, and physical anthropologist Lee Rogers Berger Steven Mithen was a professor of archeology. He concluded that Homo heidelbergensis used a prelinguistic sytem of communication similar the one used by Homo neanderthalensis. Dating method Radiometric dating technique was used to date the type-site for the Homo heidelbergensis. We will write a custom essay sample on Homo heidelbergensis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The radiocarbon dating method is the most common but since the dates become less certain the farther back in time we go, by around 60,000 years +/- 4,000 the C14 dates have a large propensity for error. Chronometric dating employs the use of infrared radiofluorescence (IF-RF) methods which dates light-exposure of sediments grain recorded last by measuring their depository age. The fossil is an important element as it aids the understanding of occupation of early man in Europe north of Alps. With the use of mammal fauna and geological aspects, the find layer was put in the early middle Pleistocene although the chronometric evidence to confirm the action is missing. Two different independent techniques can be applied at this level for instance, sand spin resonance or the U-series method. The mammal teeth are used during the method and the infrared radio fluorescent is applied to the sand grains. This method dated the site where the fossil of Homo heidelbergensis was discovered to be in the range of 609000 with a deviation of plus or negative 40000 years old. The result obtained indicated that the Homo heidelbergensis mandible was the oldest hominin fossil that has ever been recorded from northern and central Europe. The quaternary deposits that are beyond the age of 400000 are hard to assess using the chronometric dating methodology especially when volcani c layers are not there.

Essay about American Success in Achieving Independence

Was American success in achieving independence due more to General Washington’s strategic skill or to British blunders? Introduction The British military was considered the strongest in the world at the outreach of fighting between England and the American colonies in 1775. Britain had just defeated France and the Indians in the Seven Years War and had attained its prominence as a world’s superpower. Yet despite Britain’s overpowering military dominance, the British found themselves unable to subdue General Washington and the American colonies. The American’s success in achieving independence during the American Revolution was not due to General Washington’s strategic skill but by numerous British blunders. The British mistakes during†¦show more content†¦General Washington and the Continental Army had been routed in the Battle of Long Island and withdrew to the defenses of Brooklyn Heights, which left them confined between Hessian and British troops and the East River. General Washington was able to keep the revolution alive by maintaining the Continental Army in the field. Shifting from offensive strategy to a defensive strategy Without French assistance, it is uncertain that the American colonies could have been a match over Britains sizeable and well-equipped military. France clandestinely provided the American colonies with supplies and money, and upon formally declaring war on England in June 1778, also committed soldiers and naval fleets. With the French joining the naval war, Britain switched from an offensive strategy to a defensive strategy since their naval superiority is contested. Operations in America became secondary to defense of the British Isles and larger economic interests in the Caribbean. The ministry decided to defend and strike the French in West Indies, which was regarded as more valuable than the American colonies. The British militaries had to be dispersed in several theaters and spread so thin across the Atlantic and no longer concentrated on the colonies, which consequently lost the war in America (Middlekauff, p. 438). Britain’s failure to identify key locations to concentr ate her Navy led to not able to secure their most strategically locatedShow MoreRelatedThe Dream of the American Renaissance1016 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dream of the American Renaissance The American Renaissance is a tangent of the heavy Romanticism that influenced America prior, and expands upon the growing interest of the common man. The Period had writers of the Transcendentalist belief, who aspired to become larger than life itself; to ascend onto the level of a deity, and to break free from a dangerous world full of adversary. 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How does nature shape this novel Essay Example For Students

How does nature shape this novel Essay The key way in which nature shapes this novel, is through the reoccurring theme of snow. The snow symbolises the Islanders moral debates with deciding what is right and what is wrong. This is demonstrated in the following quote- When they looked out into the whiteness of the world the wind flung it sharply at their narrowed eyes and foreshortened their view of everything. I think this shows how the Islanders attempt to discover truth, (when they look out), only to find themselves faced with even more questions to ask themselves and no answers. In this way, snow hides the truth of the world. I think the latter part of the quote relates to the intolerance of the Island, called the Curse of the Island. The people of the Island are small-minded and judgemental, they cannot see through the outer exterior, to the inner person. They narrow their eyes, and try to forget the rest of the world exists. In this way, I think the snow represents the Islands view of the Japanese, and the blanket of snow cannot be lifted to discover the truth, which lies underneath. Snow can also unite the characters of the novel. This happens when Ishmael and Hatsue meet together during Chapter 22, due to Hatsues car breaking down in the snow. This forces Ishmael to spend time with Hatsue and remind himself of his love for Hatsue and how he taught himself to forget it as best he could. Toward the end of the chapter, Ishmael realises there had been circumstances then and there were circumstances now; there were things beyond anyones control. I think this perfectly sums up how snow and nature are beyond human control. An additional way, in which snow unites characters, is during chapter 22, when the snow falls on all the land and makes the borders of land indistinguishable. This means that the snow has made everyone equal, resulting in no prejudice or discrimination. This is demonstrated in this quote- the world was one world, as all has been combined as one due to nature. The snow shows it is more powerful than humanity, as it controls everything, this is demonstrated in this quote, All human claims to the landscape were superseded, made null and void by the snow. This shows that no matter what humans do, they cannot change nature. Snow can also mask events that occur in the book, such as with Hatsue and Ishmael, during the court scenes. Hatsue knows Ishmael is there, yet she chooses not to see him because she has a new life. In this scenario, the snow represents Hatsue trying to block an event out of her life because she feels guilty. The snow allows her to hide and not face Ishmael. In this case the snow is not pure and innocent, but a sign of guilt. Snow can be deceiving, it may appear wholesome and, as Ishmael says beautiful yet it hides the truth and ultimately causes unhappiness. Berries are described as pure white and lovely, but fatal to eat on p.140, and I think this is related to snow. This is because the snow in the novel makes life unstable, and upsets the rigid routine of the backward village. The snow can also be isolating and remind people of bad times- when they were alone, such as the war. This is particularly true for some characters as their war injuries hurt with the coldness of the snow. However, snow can also be a reminder of the real world, as in the case of Kabuo, who sees the snow while in his cell. It reminds Kabuo that he is missing the world changing, and how he never appreciated it before. .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 , .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 .postImageUrl , .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 , .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764:hover , .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764:visited , .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764:active { border:0!important; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764:active , .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764 .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58e6b8c12b3acb40b7be6a3a22b5b764:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discuss the use of character foils in highlighting aspects of female protagonists in Sophocles' Antigone and Ibsen's Hedda Gabler   EssayAnother way, in which nature shapes the novel, is how the extreme weather conditions affect the novels course of events. For example, the fog was partly responsible for the death of Carl Heine, as he lost his way; a rainstorm forced Ishmael and Hatsue into the cedar tree, and the snowstorms interrupt the Islanders usual routines. I think the weather shows that life is unpredictable and cannot be controlled; you just have to cope as best as possible. This relates to Japanese characters of the book; they cannot control their ethnicity, ju st learn to live with it. It relates to Kabuo, who can only sit and watch, powerless, as his fate is decided- like humans watching a storm. These, and many previous points, relate to the fight between nature and humans; weather is natural, and cannot be altered. Yet man-made events can be prevented and controlled, such as war. The irony is people try to change and prevent weather, but not war, they seem happy for war to progress. A further way in which nature shapes the novel is by using the symbol of the cedar tree. The cedar tree is a place where Hatsue and Ishmael find sanctuary from the judgemental world. In the cedar tree, they can forget about the prejudice from the rest of the world, and talk openly about their love for one another. They can be equal, and have freedom. It is where they can hide from the rest of the world- be it from discrimination and injustice, or war. The cedar tree represents a fantasy place, which hides the fact that the real world is unfair. An additional way in which nature shapes the novel is how it changes the characters, and their lives. The community of San Piedro rely on the nature of the Island for economy, through fishing and strawberry picking. This affects the characters, as many of them are strong due to their constant hard work during the day. In addition, they are also strong inside, their faces described as hard. This may be due to the loneliness that they encounter through their jobs and shutting themselves off from the outside world. It also creates a divide in the people, because all the Japanese work strawberry picking on the Americans land. Overall, nature greatly shapes the novel, with the focus on the reoccurring theme of snow. Nature symbolises many of the major themes, such as discrimination and love.